Designing for Thinking Time: Why Silence Can Be a Teaching Tool

 

By Anita Samuel

We often talk about engagement as noise—lively discussions, rapid responses, lots of visible activity. But learning doesn’t always sound like that. Sometimes, the best learning moments are the quiet ones.

Silence can feel awkward. After we ask a question, those few seconds of stillness can seem endless. We start to wonder if students understood the question, if anyone is paying attention, if we should say more. But often, that pause is exactly what students need. It’s the space where thinking happens.

Students process information differently. Some are forming an idea, translating it from thought to words. Others are comparing it to their own experiences or working up the courage to speak. In online environments, that pause might include typing, waiting for a turn, or navigating technology. If we jump in too quickly, we cut short that thinking time—and the chance for deeper learning.

So how do we make silence part of the design?

1. Build pauses into your plan. Ask a question, and then actually wait. Ten seconds might feel long, but it’s the difference between surface responses and thoughtful ones. In online classes, you can post prompts early, or use polls or chat tools that let students respond at their own pace.
   
   

2. Normalize quiet moments. Let students know that silence is intentional—that it’s part of learning, not a sign that something’s gone wrong. When students understand that, the silence feels safer and more purposeful.
   
   

3. Use reflection as a bridge. Give students a minute to jot ideas before sharing. Whether it’s a quick note on paper, in a shared doc, or in a chat, writing helps everyone clarify their thinking. It also invites voices that might otherwise stay quiet to enter the conversation.
   
   

4. Trust the pause. It takes discipline not to fill silence. But if we resist that instinct, we signal that we value thinking as much as speaking. That’s powerful modeling for students.

Silence isn’t emptiness—it’s potential. When we design for thinking time, we give students permission to process, reflect, and respond with intention. In those quiet beats, learning takes root.

 

The Quiet Students: How to Hear the Voices You Can’t See

  

By Anita Samuel

Every class—whether online or in person—has quiet students. They rarely raise their hands, speak up in discussion, or draw attention to themselves. In person, they might sit toward the back, taking notes quietly. Online, their cameras stay off, their mics stay muted.

It’s easy to assume they’re disengaged. But often, they’re not. They’re listening, processing, thinking carefully before responding. Their silence doesn’t mean they’re absent. It just means they participate differently.

Some students are quiet because they’re shy or anxious. Others are managing things we can’t see: cultural norms around speaking up, language barriers, neurodivergence, or simple discomfort with the spotlight. In online settings, add in tech issues, noisy environments, or camera fatigue—and silence becomes even more layered.

The goal isn’t to “make” everyone talk. It’s to make sure everyone has a voice.

1. Redefine participation.
Engagement doesn’t have to mean speaking out loud. In person, it could mean quick writes, post-it reflections, or partner discussions before sharing to the group. Online, it could mean chat messages, emoji reactions, or short written responses.

2. Use low-pressure check-ins.
Not every contribution has to be public. Try anonymous polls, quick surveys, or a “one thing you learned” exit ticket. Private notes or messages can help quieter students share without the spotlight.

3. Normalize different styles of engagement.
Say it clearly: “You don’t have to speak up to be part of the conversation.” When students know there are multiple valid ways to engage, they feel safer contributing in the way that fits them best.

4. Reach out personally, not publicly.
If someone seems disconnected, a private “How’s the class feeling for you?” can make a big difference. It shows care, not criticism.

Quiet students aren’t invisible—they just communicate in quieter ways. Whether in a classroom or a Zoom room, hearing them requires a shift in how we listen.

Because learning isn’t always loud. Sometimes, the most thoughtful voices are the ones waiting for a little more space to be heard. Let us remember that introverts need to feel included as well!

 

The Hidden Curriculum of Tech Tools: What We Assume Students Know

 

By Anita Samuel

There’s a hidden curriculum in every classroom—what students are expected to know but are never directly taught. When it comes to technology, that hidden curriculum is growing fast.

We assume students already know how to use tools like Google Docs, discussion boards, or citation managers. We assign digital projects without realizing that “simple” instructions—upload here, comment there, format like this—can feel like a foreign language to some learners. Students who can’t keep up with the technology may fall silent, turn off cameras, or quietly drop out of participation.

And it’s not just about access or age. Tech confidence varies widely. A student who can edit videos for TikTok might have no idea how to create a slide deck or insert references in APA format. Another might have the skills, but not the right device or bandwidth to use every tool smoothly.

So what can we do?

• Name the tools. Don’t assume students know them. Walk through how each one will be used, and explain why it matters for learning.
• Offer low-stakes practice. Let students try a tool in a no-pressure way before it counts for a grade.
• Provide quick guides. A one-page visual or short demo video can make a big difference.
• Stay flexible. Allow alternative ways to complete tasks when tech becomes a barrier, not a bridge.

When we make the hidden curriculum visible, we remove shame and open doors. Students feel supported, not judged. They participate more, and they learn more deeply—both online and in person.

It’s not about assuming less of our students. It’s about assuming less familiarity and teaching what’s often left unsaid. Because knowing how to learn with technology is just as important as the content itself.

 

When “Flexible” Isn’t Fair: Rethinking Deadlines

 

By Anita Samuel

“Flexible deadlines” sound great, right? Isn’t that a part of Universal Design for Learning (UDL)? They give students control, reduce stress, and recognize that life doesn’t stop for school. But here’s the catch—sometimes, what feels flexible to us as instructors isn’t actually fair to everyone.

Stay with me on this, and let’s unpack that.

Flexibility is often seen as a key part of making courses accessible to all our learners. We tell students, “Work at your own pace!” or “Submit anytime this week!” The idea is to make learning more accessible. But in practice, that flexibility can create uneven experiences—and even new barriers.

The Hidden Pressure of Open Deadlines

When there’s no clear structure, some students thrive. But others flounder. Students juggling jobs, caregiving, or time zone differences might want to stay on top of things but struggle without external checkpoints. The result? Deadlines sneak up, motivation slips, and the course quietly leaves some learners behind, desperately trying to catch up.

Group Work Gets Messy

In “work-at-your-own-pace” courses, group projects can become a logistical nightmare. One student finishes early; another plans to start on the last day. No one’s wrong—but it’s chaos. What looked like flexibility turns into confusion and frustration.

Consistency Builds Belonging

Deadlines aren’t just about due dates. They help create rhythm and community. When everyone’s roughly moving together, students see each other’s progress, share ideas, and feel part of a collective learning experience. Flexibility should support that, not dismantle it.

So How Do We Get It Right?

Instead of thinking of flexibility as no structure, we can think of it as a structured choice.
Here are a few ideas:

• Use soft deadlines. Have “suggested due dates” that keep the course moving, but still allow for grace when life happens.
• Build in checkpoints. Even in self-paced courses, include weekly reflections or discussion posts to keep connection alive.
• Be transparent. Explain why some dates are firm and others are flexible. Students appreciate clarity more than complete freedom.
• Ask for feedback. What feels supportive to one group might feel overwhelming to another. Let students tell you what works.

True flexibility isn’t about removing structure. It’s about designing it thoughtfully, so students can succeed without feeling lost.

Because flexibility without fairness isn’t really flexibility at all.

 

Are We Leaving Students Out? Designing Online Courses That Welcome Everyone

 

By Anita Samuel

Online learning has opened up so many doors. It lets students learn from anywhere, fit school into busy lives, and connect with people around the world. However, there’s something we don’t discuss enough: how the way we design our online courses might be leaving some students feeling left out, without us even realizing it.

These aren’t big, obvious problems. They’re smaller, subtle things—what we call microaggressions. It might be using only U.S. examples in course readings. Or, assuming students can easily access Zoom at any time, or requiring tech tools like Prezi or YouTube videos, without considering who might not have fast internet or much tech experience. 

Let’s look at how this plays out:

Course Content
If all the articles and examples come from one country or one perspective, students from other backgrounds may feel like their own experiences don’t matter. Even if the required materials are U.S.-based, we can still include other voices and viewpoints.

Course Format
Some courses let students work at their own pace. Others have group projects that need a lot of coordination. Both styles can work, but not for everyone. A working adult might prefer flexible deadlines. An international student might struggle to meet with a group in a different time zone. If we don’t give students options, some will feel invisible.

Technology Use
Using new tech can be great for engagement, but not if it becomes a barrier. Not all students have the same access to fast internet or the latest tools. Asking everyone to make a video or use social media might seem easy, but it can be overwhelming or impossible for some students.

The thing is that most instructors don’t mean to leave anyone out. We’re often just not aware of the impact these choices have. But that doesn’t mean the effects aren’t real. 

So what can we do?

·       Offer choices. Let students choose how they complete their assignments—whether through video or written submissions, or in a group or solo setting.

·       Include diverse voices. Add readings and examples from different cultures and backgrounds.

·       Check in. Ask students what’s working and what isn’t—and really listen to their answers.

Designing inclusive courses doesn’t mean lowering standards. It means making sure everyone has a fair chance to succeed. When students feel seen and supported, they engage more. They learn more.

It’s not about being perfect. It’s about being thoughtful. And that small shift can make a big difference.